That said, I'd suggest against using a 5 volt supply for a 12 volt device. For a start, if it really requires 2 volts (or close to it), you will have a problem because 12 x 2 = 24 watts, while 5 x 2 = 10 watts, so the power supply is under-specced to do the job at maximum load. Although this could work, it could be damaging componentry.
Resolution can be improved by reducing the reference input. Changing that from 5V to 2.5V gives a resolution of 2.5/256, or 9.7mV. However, the maximum voltage that can be measured is now 2.5V instead of 5V. The only way to increase resolution without reducing the range is to use an ADC with more bits.
Power Supply Considerations. So if a product requires 2.1 amps, then the power supply should supply 2.1 amps or more. If the power supply provides more than 2.1 amps, the product will still only take 2.1 amps. If the power supply only supplies 1 amp, the device may fail to charge, or it will charge very slowly.
Most protection circuits cut off if voltage greater than 4.3 V or temperature greater than 90 °C is reached. Below 2.50 V/cell the battery protection circuit may render the battery unchargeable with regular charging equipment. Most battery circuits stop at 2.7–3.0 V/cell. So to achieve a full state of charge you'd normally want to aim at 4.2V.
Step down converter. Buck converter. Switching converter. DC-DC converter. Check that the input can be set to 5 V, and the output can be set to 1.5 V. Some converters have fixed input/output voltages, others can be changed. A ready made module also contains the necessary resistors/capacitors etc. Share. Cite.
The noninverting voltage amplifier is based on SP negative feedback. An example is given in Figure 4.2.1. Note the similarity to the generic SP circuits of Chapter Three. Recalling the basic action of SP negative feedback, we expect a very high Zin, a very low Zout, and a reduction in voltage gain. Can I use 4.5 V instead of 5V? They’re very stable on the output voltage and can kick out an amp or so. It’ll work fine. Can I use 14v adapter for a 12V device? Yes, there will be no problem. As long as the voltage of 12 Volts is same, it will work perfectly fine on a 12 Volt 1 Amp power supply as it would on a 12 Volt 0.17 Amp power supply. If you need the OD of the wires to be small or if you anticipate high ambient temperatures, you can use PTFE-insulated wire, which is often rated for 200°C. I based that on a voltage drop of 0.5V (which will result in a change in brightness of about 25% with a white LED) and average (round trip) length of 3m, so resistance should be < 30m
I want to introduce one of the minimalist way for stepping-down of 9V battery to 5V. We only need two component: 1x 9V battery clip (~$0.4) 1x AMS1117 1A or LM1117 5V 1A output voltage regulator (~$0.1) AMS1117 voltage regulators are available in five fixed voltages; 1.8V, 2.5V, 2.85V, 3.3V, and 5V.
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    • can i use 4.5 v instead of 5v